How to Use Respectively in a Sentence

How to Use Respectively in a Sentence How to Use Respectively in a Sentence Today, we’re looking at the word â€Å"respectively,† which we use to refer to something previously mentioned. This is a great word when used correctly, allowing us to clarify how different parts of a sentence relate to one another. But it’s also easy to misuse if you’re not sure how it works. Let’s look first at how â€Å"respectively† should be used, then, before examining a couple of common errors you’ll want to avoid. How to Use Respectively in a Sentence â€Å"Respectively† is an adverb meaning â€Å"in the order mentioned.† We use it when we want to emphasize the relationships between two pairs or items in two parallel lists (i.e., two lists that contain the same number of items). For example, we could use â€Å"respectively† as follows: Paris and Berlin are the capital cities of France and Germany, respectively. âÅ"“ This tells us that Paris is the capital of France and that Berlin is the capital of Germany. We know this because â€Å"respectively† means that the first city mentioned (Paris) goes with the first country mentioned (France), and likewise for the second city (Berlin) and country (Germany). Common Error: Non-Parallel Lists People make two main errors when using â€Å"respectively.† One is to use it without preceding parallel structures, or without a direct one-to-one relationship between items in two lists: The wires connect to the diode and fuse, respectively. âÅ"â€" Here, for example, â€Å"respectively† does not make sense because we don’t know how many wires there are or how they are distinct from each other. To correct this, we would need to write: The blue wire and green wire connect to the diode and fuse, respectively. âÅ"“ In this version, we can clearly see which wire connects to which component. Common Error: Unnecessary Use of Respectively Another error is to use this term when it isn’t necessary. For instance: Dogs and cats are common household pets, respectively. âÅ"â€" In this case, since both dogs and cats are pets, we can lose â€Å"respectively†: Dogs and cats are common household pets. âÅ"“ We would, however, use this term to distinguish between the two. For example, we could clarify the genus to which each species belongs: Dogs and cats belong respectively to the genera Canis and Felis. âÅ"“ Here, without the â€Å"respectively,† it would not be 100% clear which species belonged to which genus. This, therefore, is a good use of the term. And if you need any more advice on using this word in a document, don’t forget you can try our proofreading service for free.

Gangster movies are, by common knowledge stories, about crime and the lives of criminals Essay Example

Gangster movies are, by common knowledge stories, about crime and the lives of criminals Essay Example Gangster movies are, by common knowledge stories, about crime and the lives of criminals Essay Gangster movies are, by common knowledge stories, about crime and the lives of criminals Essay Essay Topic: Back in the World Stories Pulp Fiction The Godfather Gangster movies are, by common knowledge stories, about crime and the lives of criminals. Heroes of these movies are individuals who make their living through robbing banks, murdering, or any other illegal activity. Gangster movies are not concerned with the morality of the crime to great extent, but rather try to show the character of criminals free from judging them for what they do. The moral message of the movie is usually placed at the end of it, when criminals most often finish tragically. So, through the movie, gangsters are heroes, who gain respect because of their good style and power they have. The golden age of gangster genre started in 1930s during the Depression Era and the Prohibition Era between 1930 and 1932, when contemporary organized crime was on the rise. (www/filmsite) The genre became very popular through the time, when the problem of organized crime was widespread, and it continues to be popular today. The reason for the perpetuity of the crime topic is the persistence of crime in reality, and its constant development in the sense of variety. This progressive nature of crime did not allow the genre to stagnate in story, but the real changes within the characteristics of it came thanks to couple of individualistic directors like Tarrantino or Guy Richie. In this essay I will present the basic characteristics of a classic gangster movie The Godfather by Martin Scorsese and the changes brought into the genre in Pulp Fiction by Quentin Tarrantino. The variances within the gangster genre on the example of The Godfather and Pulp Fiction are represented by playing wit h the gangsters manners, intellect, appearance, the degree and illustration of violence, through increasing speed of the actions in the movie, or simply by emphasizing the role of music in the movie. : The Godfather is a movie about powerful Corleone family, whose main business is crime. The movie analyses the structure and organizational culture of Sicilian Mafia, which is very similar to any other gangster organization, but also differs from it in many ways. For the purpose of the comparison with Pulp Fiction I will pay attention only to general characteristics of the gangster genre in the movie, leaving out the facts that are typical only for Sicilian Mafia. The boss Don Corleone (Marlon Brando) and his son Johnny (Al Pacino) are the heroes of the movie. They earn respect through businessman style in dressing, good manners in public, or power they have. The power of a gangster is his gun, that makes him dangerous, the coldness of his face expression, as he never smiles, his good style and manners being his reference power, and his mysterious unpredictability and determination. Johnny and Don do not talk much, all the conversation is mostly about business and there are no suffici ent words, or jokes. This is one of the things that Tarrantino broke in his Pulp Fiction. Tarrantinos heroes, Vincent (John Travolta) and Jules (Samuel L. Jackson) are not typical gangsters. They are dressed in black suits and have guns, but they rather earn laugh than respect. Jules and Vincent do not talk only about business but about hash in Amsterdam, French language or foot massage. So, seeing them on the way to kill someone while talking about cultural differences between U.S. and Europe makes us very confused about their identity and the identity of genre in the entire film, and we laugh in disbelief. Tarantino plays with the genre, not missing out the fact that these guys are dangerous as they cold-bloodedly shoot many people in the movie, but as well giving them the common-person characteristics and not making them icons but familiar people. In this way he rejects to make Jules and Vincent gangsters from the cliche, or absolute gangsters in any life situation. When they go out off-duty they wear shorts and funny T-shirt, Vincent is putting his belly out and loosing his authority and fearfulness among the viewers. Vincent and Jules are rather half gangsters-half comedians. The comedian side is emphasized, and the respect to Vincent is undermined more by the fact that he is on drugs most of the time. Unlike Don Corleone and Johnny who are soberly concentrated, serious and always alert, Vincent is dizzy, panicking and his mental detachment almost causes the death of bosss wife (Umma Thurman). Another material change within the genre between these two movies is the vividness of pictured violence. Martin Scorsese chooses to make the murders look clean and his gangsters, when killing, stay in control over the situation. Little blood is shown, and the murder is well planed and driven by the utility of the organization. Tarantino exaggerates in violence and amount of blood Jules and Vincent even kill by mistake, so they look clumsy, unorganized, and comical. Yet again, the respect for the gangster is undermined and it looks like Tarantino mocks the genre. The difference in the tempo of these two movies is substantial. The Godfather has slower flow of actions and breaks between the scenes of crime are longer and contain the analytical description of the gangster culture. Scorsese is showing us that all illegal activity is carefully planed in front and by that, at the same time he slows down the action and builds respectful figure of the gangsters. Pulp Fiction is chaotic in tempo. It has faster turnovers from one murder to another danger, slows down for a while and unpredictably thrusts into another action. Vincent and Jules are not putting much intellectual effort into their crimes, and they fall from one action to a trouble and so on. The background music in The Godfather is unnoticeable. It is mostly traditional music performed live on the weddings and funerals. It doesnt serve like a tool to reinforce certain atmosphere of the scene or situation. Tarantino uses music to provoke certain feeling or to mock the situation and make us laugh. The music is loud and plays its role, it speeds up the dangerous situations and often at the same time with its comic lyrics turns the situation into grotesque. The gangster genre is not dying. Its popularity is determined by the continuous existence of crime in reality. The transformation of gangster myth from The Godfather to Pulp Fiction doesnt necessarily mean the devaluation of the genre but is purely individualistic variance of it. Both Scorsese and Tarantino are enriching the genre with its movies. Tarantino manages to balance between parody and seriousness of the gangster picture, on the other hand Scorsese provides us with in-depth, but traditional portrayal of the world of organized crime. The Godfather in 1972, was determining the genre in the reality of 70s, and in 90s Tarrantino liberates the genre in the spirit of the age.

Journal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal paper - Essay Example For instance, people surrounding me get the notion that I am supposed to be aware of all the affairs between the British government and Iraq. On the contrary, I am a male from the young generation of Muslims in Britain. Therefore, I am more inclined to be conscious of social issues that occur within the country than Islam’s external influence on local political affairs (Wade, Kayann and Hunter 82). My identity has shaped the way I interact with the world in a similar way that the most renowned Muslim terrorists have. For instance, Osama Bin Laden was the main cause of the major concerns the western world chose to monitor because of the terror attacks he caused. As a male Muslim in a developed country, I have encountered fears expressed on other individuals I interact or even come across (Wade, Kayann and Hunter 55). An imminent cultural conflict, and the resulting need for security from Islamic assailants, normally occurs at public places that I visit, or fellow colleagues that interact with me (Wade, Kayann and Hunter 74). Moderate democracy and worldwide capitalism form the main issues I address to individuals who express fear in my presence or ideas, because of the media images they are exposed to on a daily basis. Developing a sense of belonging in a culture is an essential part of every person’s maturity. Every individual’s self-conception forms part of a one of a kind combination of identifications that define a person. These identifications would significantly contribute to the research thesis and topic since they appear to correspond with every person’s interests. For instance, gender, religion or ethnicities are proper examples of identifications expound on culture. I volunteered in the formation of a blog entitled â€Å"Jihad watch.† This blog will assist in the sharing of various ideas concerning the Islam culture and religion, recent affairs and improvements, and experiences in interaction with the outer world. My

Business Process Outsourcing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Process Outsourcing - Research Proposal Example Therefore, it will be our endeavour to figure out; Therefore, using reliable secondary sources of data would certainly yield the information related to certain cases which have been highlighted in the mainstream media. Haley (2003) contends that a number of researchers have opted to conduct secondary research instead of primary research, primarily because of the cost of conducting such a research and limited opportunities for conducting primary research. Some reliable secondary sources for this research would be the document from NASSCOM, one of India's premier institution representing the software and IT industry; Data available from reputed international organisation like WTO and ILO. Newspaper reports like; Will also prove handy to understand what's going on inside the glittering ITES buildings. In order to assess the opinion of all major stakeholders in the outsourcing industry, we can plan out interviews/ questionnaire surveys with; iii. Some ITES workers. It must be emphasised here that these workers are discouraged from shelling out information to outsiders. But, it needs bit of convincing and an undertaking on the part of the researcher to the effect that, this research is being carried out primarily for academic purpose, and it won't be used for any other purpose. iv. Some union leaders from India like those from UNITES, and some international union leaders like those from UNI Global union. This will help us in knowing both sides of the story. v. Seeking the opinion of someone from the medical profession will also help in correlating the physiological and psychological disorders. Information thus collected will help us in making the comparisons and further investigating the trend. In order to determine the possible implications and significance of the US/UK shifts in the outsourcing industry in India, an interview questionnaire shall be prepared which will seek answers from the respondents accordingly. Part A of the questionnaire will contain the demographic characteristics of the respondents which will serve as the profile of the respondents. This will include their gender, age, employment, and affiliations profile. Part B will determine the behaviour and attitudes of the respondents as to how they perceive the working in graveyard shifts Part C will assess and identify the possible impl

Proctor and Gamble. Should Proctor & Gamble expand into the Chinese Research Paper

Proctor and Gamble. Should Proctor & Gamble expand into the Chinese market How should they expand and what problems could they face - Research Paper Example Over the years, Proctor and Gamble has grown and continued to expand in terms of the subsidiaries that the company has. Further the profits of the company have been increasing over time and this has the company ranked severally on the Fortune Magazine’s list of the Most Admired Companies Worldwide. The structure of the company is in such a manner that there are global benefits in more than 180 countries where the brands of Proctor and Gamble are sold. The global network that Proctor and Gamble has managed to establish over the years works to their advantage in the sense that in the event that the company wants to expand, it becomes less challenging having built a name for itself worldwide. When considering expanding to China there are some factors that Proctor and Gamble may want to put into perspective. The first and most obvious factor is the competition that the company is likely to face from companies such as Johnsons and Johnsons and Unilever (Cunningham, 1981). It is important to remember that China is one of the fastest growing economies the world over and expanding to such an economy would be an opportunity for the company to amass massive income and high profits. Even though a company like Johnsons and Johnsons which offers similar products as Proctor and Gamble has already established itself in China, Proctor and Gamble still has a chance to enter into the Chinese market and become one of the most successful companies worldwide in the provision of consumer products. Proctor actually did manage to enter the Chinese market and despite the fierce competition it has constantly faced from its rival companies such as Unilever and Johnson and Johnsons, Proctor and Gamble has managed to create a niche for itself not only in the Chinese market but the in all other parts of the world where her brands are sold. This discussion will thus consider the various options for a entering a new market and Proctor and Gamble may have considered and the one they

Gang Violence in American Schools Essay Example for Free

Gang Violence in American Schools Essay Did you ever have to move because your kids were bullied at school? Is the community you are living in is unsafe with gang violence and you were afraid your kids will grow up to be a notorious gangster? You believe the ideal place to raise a family is in a higher income suburban area where the school system is better and your kids will be free from violence. You might want to think again. In fact, youth â€Å"gangs, now more violent than ever, are spreading to new locations† (Gaustad, 1 ) all across the country, including public schools. Gangs are moving suburban areas to recruit more members to expand their gang group. They are using new members to distribute drugs because it is appealing to young children and profitable. It is causing an increase in violence in schools because other gang group does not get along with another set of gang. Kids are scared to go to school because they are afraid they might get bullied and attack. The dropout rates has increase, more weapons are being brought to school endangering lives. School properties are being vandalized with school logos and teachers are getting injured from trying to intervene (Capozzoli and McVey, 81). Gang violence in school are getting worse that school officials, community members, and law enforcements are coming together to figure out solutions. The three solutions that seems to be showing a great impact in reducing gang violence in American schools are school uniforms, peer mediation programs, and after school programs. School uniforms are the first solution that will help cut back gang violence in American schools. Gangs use colors, certain types of clothing, and bandanas to symbolize what group they are from or associate themselves with. Students that are not involved in gangs are unable to walk down the school hallway without being accuse they are involve with a rival gang due to the color shirt he or she may be wearing. School uniforms are typically seen in private or foreign country’s schools to indicate a business-like atmosphere ( Skiba, 10). Now it is becoming more common in public schools because it keeps pupils in similar clothing. The typical school uniforms usually consist of khaki pants and collar shirts. Female pupils are sometimes in a skirt that goes down past their knees. The colors of the collar shirts vary depending on what schools students attend. School uniforms will end gang members from wearing clothing indicating what group they are from. This will help reduce violence between rival gangs because it will be difficult to point out what gang another student associate themselves with. Students will be able to concentrate more on learning than worrying about getting attack. Not only does uniform help reduce the violence but it also help schools bring unity together and help pupils who come from a family with financial difficulty feel less pressure to dress a certain way to fit in (Lopez, 4). The Long Beach Unified School District decided to establish a school uniform policy during the 1990’s to help pupils further their education in an elementary school. The school district had supports from parents who feared for their child’s safety while they were walking to school and mistaken to be a rival gang member due to the color clothing they were wearing. Violence has dropped 86% after the school uniform policy been established for 5 years (Lopez, 4). Murray states,† higher student ratings of the quality of school climate in schools with a uniform policy† after studies was done on two North Carolina schools (qtd. in Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence, 10). The second solution are peer mediation programs. Peer mediation is a program that involves people who are chosen and educated to resolves issues between individuals that has dispute with one another. The program is used in schools, youth centers, and juvenile justice setting to help young people learn how to solve their conflict through talking it out instead of using violence. Peer mediation programs are used to help decrease lockdowns, suspensions, detentions, and to bring positive atmosphere. Instead of adults trying to diffuse the conflict between young people, the program gives students the ability to help their peer s figure out a solution to their conflict with one another. It also allows the disputers to be more open and able to express why they are conflicting with the other student. Young people tend to feel more comfortable and connect better with people their own age because they feel they won’t be judged. Students are the initiator of confrontations among other students. They have to be neutral and must go through training so they can understand the process. The process of peer mediation are broken down into six steps where the facilitator has to come up with rules that must be followed, hear both sides of the story, determine if it is the same issue causing the problem, suggest solutions that will fix the problem, make sure solution fits the goal of the outcome, and help dispute agree on a solution (Crawford and Bodine, 23). Classical high school in Lynn, Massachusetts has been using peer mediation program for 14 years now and feel that the program will help decrease violence in schools. The program is very important to the school that students have to put an application in and go through an interview process by the coordinator of the program, Miriam Markowitz to become a mediator. Student who have conflict dispute with one another are brought into a private room where the student mediator tries to resolve their issues by easing the pressure off the disputers to act a certain way if they were around their friends. Classical high school reported a â€Å"90 percent success rate† (Weber, 9). When school is out; kids can keep themselves occupied and out of trouble by going to an after school program. After school program is a safe place where kids are supervised, kept busy to drift them away from negative behaviors like gangs and drugs. A lot of the kids who goes to the after school programs lacks adult guidance, or come from a low income family that the parents are working a 12 hour shift and cannot be around to supervise their every move. The staffs at after school programs don’t just help kids with their homework but they build relationships with them and try to guide them in the right direction (after – school activities and clubs). After school programs are not just programs where kids come to do home works and activities, it is also a place where they learn about gang violence, how to prevent involvement. Council for Unity is an after school program located in Riverhead, New York that was developed by Riverhead high school. The program consist of students from different ethnic backgrounds that come together every Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays to talk about what issues are going on in the community, ways to prevent the violence in their schools and to learn about gang violence prevention. The coordinator, Mr. Desenna ask special guest to come by to talk and educate the kids (Council for Unity). Another after school program that is a major success and has been around since 1988 is Roca located in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Roca is a nonprofit organization that works with young people from ages 14 to 24 to help them stay away from gang, teen pregnancy, being incarcerated and graduate high schools. Roca work very closely with young people who are involved in gangs. Staffs from Roca have a program that they call outreach that consist of them walking the streets and trying to build relationships with the gang members. Most of the staffs have gone through incarceration or is an ex-gang member that has turned their lives around and using their experience to influence youths in a positive way. The program â€Å"helped more than 15,000 young people make positive, profound changes in their lives† (rocain.org) Gang violence in American schools is not going to go away overnight but if efforts are put in like: establishing school uniforms, peer mediation programs and providing more free after school programs, it soon will not be an issue facing the school systems. Having positive young people trying to influence their peers will help tremendously. Works Cited Capozzoli, Thomas, and R. Steve. McVey. Gangs and Schools. Kids Killing Kids: Managing Violence and Gangs in Schools. Boca Raton, FL: St. Lucie, 2000. 81-82. Print. Council For Unity. Riverhead.net. Web. 5 Apr. 2011. http://www.riverhead.net/html/RHSnewscouncilunity.html. Crawford, Donna, and Richard Bodine. Conflict Resolution Education. Rep. Champaign,IL: Research, 1996. Print. Gaustad, Joan. Gangs.ERIC Digest. Ericdigests.org. 2005. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9216/gangs.htm. Lopez, Rebecca A. The Long Beach Unified School District Uniform Initiative: A Prevention-Strategy for Urban Schools. The Journal of Negro Education 72.4 (2003). The Long Beach Unified School District Uniform Initiative: A Prevention-Strategy for Urban Schools. Web. 31 Mar. 2011. http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.proxy6.noblenet.org/elibweb/elib/do/document. Project, – Key. Roca : Who We Are. Welcome to Roca. Web. 12 Apr. 2011. http://www.rocainc.org/about.php. Skiba, Russel J. Zero To lerance, Zero Evidence. Rep. 2000. Print. Weber, Gretchen. Peace among Peers. The Lynn Educator 2008. Print.

Beneath the Smooth Skin of America Essay -- Scott R. Sanders Literatur

Beneath the Smooth Skin of America Change is something you are probably familiar with. In â€Å"Beneath the Smooth Skin of America,† Scott R. Sanders talks about many changes in his life. The author starts the story looking throw the eyes of himself as a child. As a child he remembers that all that was in his sight was all he could see. The author’s best example of this is he says, †Neighbors often appeared†¦where they came from I could not imagine† (27). As the author begins to see more by leaving the area he was around so often he starts to see more and more things. He started moving around to different places and started seeing the things that he had not see before. The author points out many things that he began to see like the stores around the town and the different colors of places. The smell of the certain area over the one smell he was used to. In his travels to the south he noticed the bathrooms signs in the south read, â€Å"Colored† and â€Å"White.† All these d ifferent changes made his world seen bigger and bigger. As the author got out more the more world started to irritate him. The author’s relatives, who lived in the southern states, helped the author to think of himself as, â€Å"A Northerner†(p.28). After leaving for college in Rhode Island he explains that in his college days he thought of himself as a â€Å"Midwesterner.† The other students of his college, using the stereotype, made fun of him and the way he acted. â€Å"I was square, my new friends assured me† (p.28). This ...